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European Climate Risk Assessment

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Publication Created 07 Nov 2023 Published 11 Mar 2024
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The first European Climate Risk Assessment (EUCRA) identifies 36 climate risks that pose a threat to Europe’s energy and food security, ecosystems, infrastructure, water resources, financial stability, and people’s health. It shows that many of these risks have already reached critical levels and can become catastrophic without urgent and decisive action. The knowledge in this first-of-its-kind assessment is synthesised to support strategic policymaking.
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Publication Created 07 Nov 2023 Published 11 Mar 2024
EEA Report No 1/2024
The first European Climate Risk Assessment (EUCRA) identifies 36 climate risks that pose a threat to Europe’s energy and food security, ecosystems, infrastructure, water resources, financial stability, and people’s health. It shows that many of these risks have already reached critical levels and can become catastrophic without urgent and decisive action. The knowledge in this first-of-its-kind assessment is synthesised to support strategic policymaking.

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Figures used

Map of the Combined Drought Indicator (CDI) in the beginning of August 2022 The map shows the drought situation in Europe in the first ten-day period of August 2022 (from 1 to 10 August 2022). The method is based in 6 impact levels. These levels are: "Watch" (yellow colour) when a relevant precipitation shortage is observed, "Warning" (orange) when this precipitation shortage comes with a soil moisture anomaly, "Alert" (red) when these two conditions are accompanied with an anomaly in the vegetation condition, "Temporary soil moisture recovery" (purple) when after a drought episode, soil moisture conditions went below the drought threshold but did not improve enough to consider the episode closed; "Temporary vegetation recovery" (green) when after a drought episode, vegetation conditions went below the drought threshold but did not improve enough to consider the episode closed; "Recovery" (blue) when meteorological, soil moisture, and vegetation normal conditions are recovered.
Changes in heat exposure and vulnerability in Europe
Flood events by type and mortality per year Total number of flood events with significant socio-economic impacts by type (bar chart) and the mortality rate per year (cartogram), for the period 1870-2020.
Enhanced warming in Europe compared to global warming European annual mean air temperature trend (temperature regressed on time as the independent variable) expressed as multiples of the annual mean global temperature trend between 1950 and 2023, on a grid-point level.
The EUCRA land and marine regions Spatially aggregated regions for four sub-continental land and four marine regions. Regionalisation for land regions based on UN Geoscheme for Europe.
Additional number of days per year with high-to-extreme fire danger Additional number of days per year with high-to-extreme fire danger by weather (daily Fire Weather Index≥30), compared with the situation in the reference time period 1981-2010, for different levels of global warming. Median ensemble of five model-statistics (see recommended References).

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For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/european-climate-risk-assessment or scan the QR code.

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