year 2010, when it is planned that there will be no dwellings with an interior noise level of more than 35 dB(A).
Oslo
The Oslo conurbation has approximately 680 000 inhabitants, and 467 000 live in the city. In 1990, Oslo followed the Bergen example to introduce road pricing, after ten years of public debate between professionals and politicians over the advantages and disadvantages of a toll system. The discussions focused on whether it was right to make people pay for the toll and whether money could be raised in a more cost-effective way through alternative systems (for instance by increasing the yearly tax for all car owners or by increasing taxes on petrol). In 1990, 19 stations were installed, 3 to 8 km from the city centre, so that it was possible to drive into the inner city by paying a fee. Approximately 210 000 cars pass every day (towards the city) which amounts to 40 per cent of all car trips in the Oslo region. Since the introduction of the toll ring the number of cars entering the city has been reduced by 3.5 per cent. The toll ring has led to a slight increase in the share of public transport: the increase in trips crossing the toll ring is estimated to be 10 per cent. People also travel less in general because the new toll system.