Table 10.1 - Selected indicators for the urban environment
Attributes | Indicators | |
---|---|---|
A - Indicators of urban patterns | ||
1 Urban population | a) Population | number of inhabitants in city (1) in conurbation (2) |
b) Population density | population per km2 (3) | |
area by density classes (4) | ||
2 Urban land-cover | a) Total area | area in km2 (5) |
b) Total built-up area | area in km2 (6) | |
by landuse (7) | ||
c) Open area | area in km2 (8) | |
% green areas (9) | ||
% water (10) | ||
d) Transportation network | motorway length (km) (11) | |
railway length (km) (12) | ||
% of total urban area (13) | ||
3 Derelict areas | Total area | area in km2 (14) |
% of total urban area (15) | ||
4 Urban renewal areas | Total area | area in km2 (16) |
% of total urban area (17) | ||
5 Urban mobility | a) Modal split | number (18) and average length (19) of trips in km per inhabitant per mode of transportation per day |
b) Commuting patterns | number of commuters into and out of conurbation (20) | |
as % of the urban population (21) | ||
c) Traffic volumes | total (22) and inflow/outflow (23) in vehicle-kms | |
(24) number of vehicles on main routes | ||
B - Indicators of urban flows | ||
6 Water | a) Water consumption | consumption per inhabitant in litres per day (25) |
% of groundwater resources in total water supply (26) | ||
b) Wastewater | % of dwellings connected to a sewage system (27) | |
number (28) and capacity (29) of treatment plants by type of treatment | ||
7 Energy | a) Energy consumption | electricity use in GWh per year (30) |
energy use by fuel type and sector (31) | ||
b) Energy production plants | number (32) and type (33) of power and heating plants in the conurbation | |
8 Materials and products | Transportation of goods | quantity of goods moved into and out of the city in kg per capita per year (34) |
9 Waste | a) Waste production | amount of solid waste collected in tonnes per inhabitant per year (35) |
composition of waste (36) | ||
b) Recycling | % of waste recycled per fraction (37) | |
c) Waste treatment and disposal | number of incinerators (38) and volume (39) incinerated | |
number of landfills (40) and volume (41) received by waste type | ||
C - Indicators of urban environmental quality | ||
10 Quality of water | a) Drinking water | number days per year that the WHO drinking water standards are exceeded (42) |
b) Surface water | O2 concentration of urban surface water in mg per litre (43) | |
number of days pH is > 9 or < 6 (44) | ||
11 Quality of air | a) Long term: SO2+TSP | annual mean concentrations (45) |
b) Short-term concentration: O3, SO2, TSP | exceedances of AQGs : O3 (46) SO2 (47), TSP (48) | |
12 Acoustic quality | Exposure to noise (inhabitant per time period) | exposure to noise above 65 dB (49) and above 75 dB (50) |
13 Traffic safety | Fatalities and casualties from traffic accidents | number of people killed (51) and injured (52) in traffic accidents per 10 000 inhabitants |
14 Housing quality | Average floor area per person | m2 per person (53) |
15 Accessibility of green space | Proximity to urban green areas | percentage of people within 15 minutes' walking distance of urban green areas (54) |
16 Quality of urban wildlife | Number of bird species | number of bird species (55) |
*Indicator number in parentheses