Table 10.1 - Selected indicators for the urban environment

Attributes Indicators
A - Indicators of urban patterns
1 Urban population a) Population ­ number of inhabitants in city (1) in conurbation (2)
b) Population density ­ population per km2 (3)
­ area by density classes (4)
2 Urban land-cover a) Total area ­ area in km2 (5)
b) Total built-up area ­ area in km2 (6)
­ by landuse (7)
c) Open area ­ area in km2 (8)
­ % green areas (9)
­ % water (10)
d) Transportation network ­ motorway length (km) (11)
­ railway length (km) (12)
­ % of total urban area (13)
3 Derelict areas Total area ­ area in km2 (14)
­ % of total urban area (15)
4 Urban renewal areas Total area ­ area in km2 (16)
­ % of total urban area (17)
5 Urban mobility a) Modal split ­ number (18) and average length (19) of trips in km per inhabitant per mode of transportation per day
b) Commuting patterns ­ number of commuters into and out of conurbation (20)
­ as % of the urban population (21)
c) Traffic volumes ­ total (22) and inflow/outflow (23) in vehicle-kms
­ (24) number of vehicles on main routes
B - Indicators of urban flows
6 Water a) Water consumption ­ consumption per inhabitant in litres per day (25)
­ % of groundwater resources in total water supply (26)
b) Wastewater ­ % of dwellings connected to a sewage system (27)
­ number (28) and capacity (29) of treatment plants by type of treatment
7 Energy a) Energy consumption ­ electricity use in GWh per year (30)
­ energy use by fuel type and sector (31)
b) Energy production plants ­ number (32) and type (33) of power and heating plants in the conurbation
8 Materials and products Transportation of goods ­ quantity of goods moved into and out of the city in kg per capita per year (34)
9 Waste a) Waste production ­ amount of solid waste collected in tonnes per inhabitant per year (35)
­ composition of waste (36)
b) Recycling ­ % of waste recycled per fraction (37)
c) Waste treatment and disposal ­ number of incinerators (38) and volume (39) incinerated
­ number of landfills (40) and volume (41) received by waste type
C - Indicators of urban environmental quality
10 Quality of water a) Drinking water ­ number days per year that the WHO drinking water standards are exceeded (42)
b) Surface water ­ O2 concentration of urban surface water in mg per litre (43)
­ number of days pH is > 9 or < 6 (44)
11 Quality of air a) Long term: SO2+TSP ­ annual mean concentrations (45)
b) Short-term concentration: O3, SO2, TSP ­ exceedances of AQGs : O3 (46) SO2 (47), TSP (48)
12 Acoustic quality Exposure to noise (inhabitant per time period) ­ exposure to noise above 65 dB (49) and above 75 dB (50)
13 Traffic safety Fatalities and casualties from traffic accidents ­ number of people killed (51) and injured (52) in traffic accidents per 10 000 inhabitants
14 Housing quality Average floor area per person ­ m2 per person (53)
15 Accessibility of green space Proximity to urban green areas ­ percentage of people within 15 minutes' walking distance of urban green areas (54)
16 Quality of urban wildlife Number of bird species ­ number of bird species (55)

*Indicator number in parentheses