Table 18.9 - Estimated world input of petroleum hydrocarbons to the sea
Source: Clark, 1989
Source | Input (million t/year) |
---|---|
Transportation | |
Tanker operations | 0.70 |
Tanker accidents | 0.40 |
Bilge and fuel oils | 0.30 |
Dry docking | 0.03 |
Non-tanker accidents | 0.02 |
TOTAL | 1.45 |
Fixed installations | |
Coastal refineries | 0.10 |
Offshore production | 0.05 |
Marine terminals | 0.02 |
TOTAL | 0.17 |
Other sources | |
Municipal wastes | 0.70 |
Industrial waste | 0.20 |
Urban runoff | 0.12 |
River runoff | 0.04 |
Atmospheric fall-out | 0.30 |
Ocean dumping | 0.02 |
TOTAL | 1.38 |
Natural inputs | 0.25 |
SUM TOTAL | 3.25 |