Table 21.7 - External social costs arising from transport in Germany, 1993

Source: Kågeson, 1993

Mode Air CO2 Noise Accidents Total
Freight (ECUs per 1000 tonnes) 
Lorry (long-distance) 5.6 2.5 0.6 3.5 12.2
Train (electric) 0.8 1.9 0.3 1.4 4.4
Ro-ro vessel1) 6.0 0.6 0.0 0.1 6.7
Passenger (ECUs per 1000 pass-km) 
Car 14.6 4.5 1.2 13.7 34.0
Train (electric) 0.9 2.2 0.3 1.4 4.7
Aircraft 7.3 9.2 1.6 0.2 18.3

Notes: ECU rate of exchange of 29 April 1993.

  1. shipping which accommodates roll-on, roll-off (ro-ro) lorries.