EIA process in the case of transboundary impacts (Espoo, Finland, February 1991).
Best available technology (BAT): signifies the latest or state-of-the-art techniques and technologies in the development of activities, processes and their methods of operation which minimise emissions to the environment (CEC, 1993b, p 35).
Environmental quality standard (EQS): the set of requirements which must be fulfilled at a given time by a given environment or particular part thereof, as set out in legislation (CEC, 1993b, p 35).
Integrated pollution prevention and control (IPC): to provide for measures and procedures to prevent (wherever practicable) or to minimise emissions from industrial installations so as to achieve a high level of protection for the environment as a whole. The IPC concept arose when it became clear that approaches to controlling emissions in one medium alone may encourage shifting the burden of pollution across other environmental media. This concept requires that emission limit values are set with the aim of not breaching EQSs: only when EQSs or relevant international guidelines do not exist can emission limit values be based on BAT (CEC, 1993b, pp 34, 32 and 389).