Table 33.1 - Summary of freshwater-related environmental problems in different parts of Europe
Source: Modified from WHO/UNEP, 1991
Issue | Nordic | Western | Eastern | Southern |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pathogenic agents | 01 | 01 | 12 | 12 |
Organic matter | 01 | 12 | 13 | 2 |
Salinisation | 0 | 01 | 2 | 1 |
Nitrate | 01 | 13 | 12 | 12 |
Phosphorus | 01 | 12 | 13 | 13 |
Heavy metals | 1 | 02 | 13 | 02 |
Pesticides | 01 | 2 | 2 | 13 |
Acidification | 03 | 01 | 1 | 01 |
Radioactivity | 01 | 1 | 13 | 1 |
Water availability | 0 | 12 | 2 | 23 |
Reservoirs | 1 | 2 | 23 | 23 |
River channelisation | 0 | 2 | 12 | 1 |
Groundwater overexploitation | 01 | 2 | 2 | 13 |
0 no problems or irrelevant; 1 some problems; 2 major problems; 3 severe problems.
Notes: See Figure 5.3 for definition of country groupings.