Table 36.4 - Waste control options
Source: Alberti, 1992
Approaches | Measures | Examples of regulations |
---|---|---|
Effect-oriented measures | Set limits on ambient concentration | Ambient quality standards
Maximum Risk Limits |
Clean-up of contaminated sites | Clean-up regulation Strict liability | |
Emission-oriented measures | Restrictions on emissions from incineration | Emission standards Performance standards Specifications for landfill |
Restrictions on landfill for hazardous substances | ||
Require adoption of Best Available Technologies for waste treatment | Integrated pollution control permit Best Available Technology | |
Restrictions on movement of hazardous waste | Manifest system for waste transport Transfrontier movement regulations | |
Source-oriented measures | Set reduction targets for priority waste streams | Priority waste streams lists Waste streams reduction implementation plans |
Require adoption of Best Available Technologies for production processes | Best Available Technology | |
Product-oriented measures | Restrictions on products and packaging materials | Regulations on products labelling disposal |
Ecolabelling of products | Regulation on packaging products waste | |
Ban or phase-out of certain hazardous substances | International conventions banning certain substances (eg, CFCs) | |
Restrictions on the use of certain substances in manufacturing processes | Phase-out of toxic substances from packaging materials |