Chapter 6 - The Seas

6.1 - Introduction
6.2 - Common Problems

6.2.1 - Lack of effective catchment management, control and regulation
6.2.2 - Coastal zone pollution
6.2.3 - Eutrophication
6.2.4 - Conflict of uses in the coastal zone
6.2.5 - Offshore activities
6.2.6 - Introduction of non-indigenous species
6.2.7 - Overexploitation of resources
6.2.8 - Sea-level rises and climate changes
6.2.9 - Relative importance of common problems

6.3 - The European Seas: Overview
6.4 - The Mediterranean Sea

6.4.1 - General situation
6.4.2 - Physical features
6.4.3 - Biological features
6.4.4 - Inputs
6.4.5 - Contaminant levels
6.4.5.1 - Heavy metals
6.4.5.2 - Synthetic organic compounds
6.4.5.3 - Oil
6.4.5.4 - Microbiological contamination
6.4.5.5 - Nutrients
6.4.5.6 - Radionucleides
6.4.6 - Biological effects
6.4.7 - Conclusions

6.5 - The Black Sea and the Sea of Azov

6.5.1 - General situation
6.5.2 - Physical features
6.5.3 - Biological features
6.5.4 - Inputs
6.5.5 - Contaminant levels
6.5.5.1 - Heavy metals
6.5.5.2 - Synthetic organic compounds
6.5.5.3 - Oil
6.5.5.4 - Nutrients
6.5.5.5 - Microbiological contamination
6.5.5.6 - Radionucleides
6.5.6 - Biological effects
6.5.6.1 - Eutrophication
6.5.6.2 - Opportunistic species
6.5.6.3 - Fisheries
6.5.7 - Conclusions

6.6 - The Caspian Sea

6.6.1 - General situation
6.6.2 - Physical features
6.6.3 - Biological features
6.6.4 - Inputs
6.6.5 - Contaminant levels
6.6.5.1 - Heavy metals
6.6.5.2 - Synthetic organic compounds
6.6.5.3 - Oil
6.6.5.4 - Nutrients
6.6.5.5 - Microbiological contamination
6.6.5.6 - Radionucleides
6.6.6 - Biological effects
6.6.7 - Conclusions

6.7 - The White Sea

6.7.1 - General situation
6.7.2 - Physical features
6.7.3 - Biological features
6.7.4 - Inputs
6.7.5 - Contaminat levels
6.7.6 - Biological effects
6.7.7 - Conclusions

6.8 - The Barents Sea

6.8.1 - General situation
6.8.2 - Physical features
6.8.3 - Biological features
6.8.4 - Inputs
6.8.5 - Contaminat levels
6.8.5.1 - Heavy metals
6.8.5.2 - Synthetic organic compounds
6.8.5.3 - Oil
6.8.5.4 - Radionucleides
6.8.6 - Biological effects
6.8.7 - Conclusions

6.9 - The Norwegian Seas

6.9.1 - General situation
6.9.2 - Physical features
6.9.3 - Biological features
6.9.4 - Inputs
6.9.5 - Contaminat levels
6.9.6 - Biological effects
6.9.7 - Conclusions

6.10 - The Baltic Sea

6.10.1 - General situation
6.10.2 - Pysical features
6.10.3 - Biological features
6.10.4 - Inputs
6.10.5 - Contaminant levels
6.10.5.1 - Heavy metals
6.10.5.2 - Synthetic organic compounds
6.10.5.3 - Pesticides
6.10.5.4 - Microbiological contamination
6.10.5.5 - Oil
6.10.5.6 - Nutrients
6.10.5.7 - Radionucleides
6.10.6 - Biological effects
6.10.6.1 - Eutrophication
6.10.6.2 - Fisheries
6.10.7 - Conclusions

6.11 - The North Sea

6.11.1 - General situation
6.11.2 - Physical features
6.11.3 - Biological features
6.11.4 - Inputs
6.11.5 - Contaminant levels
6.11.5.1 - Heavy metals
6.11.5.2 - Synthetic organic compounds
6.11.5.3 - Microbiological contamination
6.11.5.4 - Oil
6.11.5.5 - Nutrients
6.11.5.6 - Radionucleides
6.11.6 - Biological effects
6.11.6.1 - Eutrophication
6.11.6.2 - Fisheries
6.11.6.3 - Introduction of non-indigenous species
6.11.7 - Conclusions

6.12 - The North Atlantic Ocean

6.12.1 - General situation
6.12.2 - Physical features
6.12.3 - Biological features
6.12.4 - Inputs
6.12.5 - Contaminant levels
6.12.5.1 - Heavy metals
6.12.5.2 - Synthetic organic compounds
6.12.5.3 - Microbiological contamination
6.12.5.4 - Radionucleides
6.12.6 - Biological effects
6.12.7 - Conclusions

6.13 - Conclusions and the Way Forward