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All stations in EU Member States, with at least 75 % data coverage for at least eight years were included in the analysis. Concentrations per station type are given in μg/m3. In the top two diagrams a geographical bias exists towards central Europe where there is a higher density of stations. In the percentage frequency distribution graphs, closed bars denote stations showing a statistically significant trend, open bars denote stations with a non-significant trend. Statistically significant trends (level of significance 0.1) are calculated by applying the Mann-Kendall test. The applied method is described in de Leeuw, 2012.
The graphs are based on the 99.2 percentile of daily mean concentration values corresponding to the 4th highest daily mean; they present the range of concentrations at all station types (in μg/m3) officially reported by the EU Member States and how the concentrations relate to the limit value set by EU legislation (marked by the red line). The diagram indicates the lowest and highest observations, the means and the lower and upper quartiles. The lower quartile splits the lowest 25 % of the data and the upper quartile splits the highest 25 % of the data.
The graphs are based on the annual mean concentration values; they present the range of concentrations at all station types (in μg/m3) officially reported by the EU Member States and how the concentrations relate to the limit value set by EU legislation (marked by the red line). The diagram indicates the lowest and highest observations, the means and the lower and upper quartiles. The lower quartile splits the lowest 25 % of the data and the upper quartile splits the highest 25 % of the data.
All stations in EU Member States, with at least 75 % data coverage for at least eight years were included in the analysis. Concentrations per station type are given in μg/m3. In the diagrams a geographical bias exists towards central Europe where there is a higher density of stations. The 93.2 percentile of daily max 8-h mean values is directly related to the target value for O3, as 25 days per year are allowed to have exceedances of the target value threshold of 120 μg/m3.
The graphs are based on the 93.2 percentile of maximum daily 8 hours mean concentration values corresponding to the 26th highest daily maximum of the running 8h-mean; they present the range of concentrations at all station types (in μg/m3) officially reported by the EU Member States and how the concentrations relate to the target value set by EU legislation (marked by the red line). The diagram indicates the lowest and highest observations, the means and the lower and upper quartiles. The lower quartile splits the lowest 25 % of the data and the upper quartile splits the highest 25 % of the data.
All stations in EU Member States, with at least 75 % data coverage for at least eight years (PM10) or six years (PM2.5), were included in the analysis. Concentrations per station type are given in μg/m3. In the diagrams a geographical bias exists towards central Europe where there is a higher density of stations.
The graphs are based on the annual mean concentration values; they present the range of concentrations at all station types (in μg/m3) officially reported by the EU Member States and how the concentrations relate to the target value set by EU legislation (marked by the red line). The diagram indicates the lowest and highest observations, the means and the lower and upper quartiles. The lower quartile splits the lowest 25 % of the data and the upper quartile splits the highest 25 % of the data.
Station pairs from capital cities were preferred, but when not available the next largest city for which data was available was chosen
Station pairs from capital cities were preferred, but when not available the next largest city for which data was available was chosen
"Annual mean concentrations of air pollutants in urban areas" Indexed trend in annual mean urban air quality over the period 1997-2008 (reference year 1997). All urban and suburban background stations operational (that is at least reporting over 9 years with a yearly coverage of at least 274 days) during the period 1997-2008 are included. A general, Europe-wide averaged picture is shown, with a bias towards regions with high station density.
AOT40 for crops are vegatation exposure related indicators and are based on rural background station observation only
BOD and total ammonium concentrations in the Western Balkan rivers, 2000–2006
HadSST2 = Hadley Centre sea surface temperature data set
Station pairs from capital cities were preferred, but when not available the next largest city for which data was available was chosen
(a) Liechtenstein: 'others' only refer to accidents; minor accidents are not included
Concentrations are the median of the annual average concentrations at each monitoring station
Station pairs from capital cities were preferred, but when not available the next largest city for which data were available was chosen
Station pairs from capital cities were preferred, but when not available the next largest city for which data was available was chosen
The bars represent the average annual concentration over monitoring stations along busy roads
Bars represent average annual concentrations over a limited number of monitoring stations along busy roads in major European cities (Vienna, Prague, Paris, Berlin, Athens, Krakow, Bratislava, Stockholm and London NOX, and Prague, Copenhagen, Berlin, Reykjavik, Rome, Bratislava, Stockholm and London PM10), error bars represent the highest annual concentration measured at one single monitoring station
For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/find/global or scan the QR code.
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