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Green bonds as a percentage of total bonds issued by corporations, by governments, and by both corporations and governments in the EU 27, 2014-2023

This figure shows green bonds, which are issued specifically to finance green projects (i.e. the proceeds from green bonds are earmarked for green projects), as a share of all bonds issued by corporates and governments in Europe. The use of proceeds is typically guided by a set of criteria or green bond frameworks. The average values include the issuance of all bonds issued by corporates and governments in the calendar year that were issued in a country of the European Union. To be included in the calculation, the bond must be listed with the data provider. Only sovereign bonds issued by governments with a maturity of more than one year are included. The shares per type of issuer include all bonds and green bonds issued by corporates and governments.

Shares of green bonds issued by corporations and by governments in 2023, by EU Member State

This figure shows green bonds, which are issued specifically to finance green projects (i.e. the proceeds from green bonds are earmarked for green projects), as a share of all bonds issued by corporates and governments in EU Member States. The use of proceeds is typically guided by a set of criteria or green bond frameworks. The average values include the issuance of all bonds issued by corporates and governments in the calendar year that were issued in a country of the European Union. To be included in the calculation, the bond must be listed with the data provider. Only sovereign bonds issued by governments with a maturity of more than one year are included. The shares per type of issuer include all bonds and green bonds issued by corporates and governments.

Ratio of PM₂.₅ population weighted concentrations: Most Deprived (i.e. poorest) Quintile/Least Deprived (i.e. richest) Quintile (GDP per capita PPS)

The graph shows the ratio of the annual average population weighted concentration of PM₂.₅ in the poorest quintile divided by that of the richest quintile of NUTS3 regions in the EU, as measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita at purchasing power standard (PPS), per year.