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Modelled remains of the Alpine glacierisation (climatic accumulation area) according to an increase in summer air temperature of +1 to +5 °C. The total of 100% refers to the ice cover of the reference period (1971–90). The 100%-marks of the other lines refer to the fraction of glacierisation of the corresponding Alpine country. Reading example: A rise in summer air temperature of 3 °C would reduce the Alpine ice cover (red curve) to about 20% of the glacier cover of the reference period (1971–90). The corresponding glacier remains of Switzerland (blue, dashed line) amounts to about 30%, whereas in Austria (black, dashed line) only about 7% of the glacier cover of the reference period is left.
Observed annual, winter and summer temperature deviations in Europe
70s, 80s and 90s = average values of catches for each decade
Concentrations are expressed as annual median concentrations for groundwater, and median of annual average concentrations for rivers and lakes
The figure includes all greenhouse gases.
Of the forest area dominated by introduced tree species, 13 % have become invasive species with impacts on forest biodiversity conservation (MCPFE, 2007 in EEA, 2008)
The number of bird species taken into account for each country is given in the legend
National indicative targets shown are reference values that Member States agreed to take into account when setting their indicative targets by October 2003, according to the EU renewable electricity directive.
For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/find/global or scan the QR code.
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